Motion           Measurement position   

Hip external rotation (extended)  prone
Knee on measured side is flexed to 90 degrees or as far as possible if 90 degrees can't be achieved.

Hip internal rotation (flexed)  supine
Hip and knee on measured side are in 90 degrees of flexion. If patient is unable to flex 90 degrees, the joint is taken to maximal flexion and notation is made of the measuring position.

Hip internal rotation (extended)  prone
Knee on measured side is flexed to 90 degrees or as far as possible if 90 degrees can't be achieved.

Knee flexion         supine
Hip on measured side is flexed maximally.

Knee extension    supine or prone
Hip on measured side is extended and ankle is left to select a comfortable position. Measurement position depends on neurologic involvement of the patient, and soft tissue tightness. Here we want a measure of joint extension with minimal influence from neurologic factors or contractile tissue tightness.

Ankle dorsiflexion (flexed)   supine or prone
Knee on measured side is flexed to 90 degrees or greater and the subtalar joint is in neutral. This measure is taken with regard to the rearfoot and not the forefoot to allow a more acurate measure of talocrural motion. Measurement position is chosen to allow maximum dorsiflexion without influence from neurologic factors.

Ankle dorsiflexion (extended)  supine
Knee on measured side is fully extended and the subtalar joint is in neutral. The measurement is taken with regard to the rearfoot.

Ankle plantarflexion   supine
Subtalar joint is in neutral and the measurement is taken with regard to the rearfoot. Notation as to the degree of any pes cavus present should be made in the note section of the worksheet.
ORTHOPEDIC EXAMS: